A group of rabbits in Colorado with grotesque, hornlike growths may seem straight out of a low-budget horror film, but scientists say there’s no reason to be spooked — the furry creatures merely have a relatively common virus.
The cottontails recently spotted in Fort Collins are infected with the mostly harmless Shope papillomavirus, which causes wart-like growths that protrude from their faces like metastasizing horns.
Viral photos have inspired a fluffle of unflattering nicknames, including “Frankenstein bunnies,” “demon rabbits” and “zombie rabbits.” But their affliction is nothing new, with the virus inspiring ancient folklore and fueling scientific research nearly 100 years ago.
The virus likely influenced the centuries-old jackalope myth in North America, which told of a rabbit with antlers or horns, among other animal variations. The disease in rabbits also contributed to scientists’ knowledge about the connection between viruses and cancer, such as the human papillomavirus that causes cervical cancer.
Dr. Rachel Ruden/Iowa Department of Natural Resources via AP
The virus in rabbits was named after Dr. Richard E Shope, a professor at The Rockefeller University who discovered the disease in cottontails in the 1930s.
News about the rabbit sightings in Fort Collins, 65 miles north of Denver, started getting attention after residents started spotting them around town and posting pictures.
“It looks like it was black quills or black toothpicks sticking out all around his or her mouth,” Susan Mansfield, a Fort Collins resident who saw one of the rabbits, told 9News. “I thought he would die off during the winter, but he didn’t. He came back a second year, and it grew.”
Kara Van Hoose, a spokesperson for Colorado Parks and Wildlife, told The Associated Press on Wednesday that the agency has been getting calls about the rabbits seen in Fort Collins.
But she said that it’s not uncommon to see infected rabbits, especially in the summer, when the fleas and ticks that spread the virus are most active. The virus can spread from rabbit to rabbit but not to other species, including humans and pets, she said.
Rabbit papilloma is similar to human HPV-induced tumors, according to an article in the National Library of Medicine, and human papillomavirus has been linked to skin cancer, according to a recent report.
The growths resemble warts but can look like horns if they grow longer, Van Hoose said. The growths don’t harm rabbits unless they grow on their eyes or mouths and interfere with eating. Rabbits’ immune systems are able to fight the virus and, once they do, the growths will disappear, she said.
The agency notes that the disease is more severe in domestic rabbits than in wild rabbits and should be treated by a veterinarian.
Colorado is home to three different species of cottontail rabbits — the mountain cottontail, the desert cottontail and the eastern cottontail. The species differ mostly by color and are “difficult or impossible to distinguish in the field, except by habitat and geographic location,” Colorado Parks and Wildlife says.
