The relationship between silicone implants and breast cancer is one of the most frequent questions among women who have already had implants or who are thinking about having surgery. This concern is understandable, but the good news is that, according to the most robust scientific evidence available to date, breast implants do not increase the risk of developing classic breast cancer, cancer that originates in breast tissue, such as the ducts and lobules of the breast.
Long-term population studies and large international analyzes show that women with implants have a similar incidence of breast cancer compared to the general population. In other words, silicone is not considered a causal factor for this type of tumor. Still, the topic deserves a careful approach, as there are specific situations that require medical attention.
What science already knows about implants and breast cancer
The most common breast cancer arises in the breast ducts or lobules. Silicone implants, as they are positioned behind the breast tissue or pectoral muscle, do not directly interfere with this process. Therefore, there is no indication that the implant increases the risk of this type of cancer 1–4.
This does not mean that women with silicone are exempt from care. Screening remains fundamental and must respect age, genetics, family history and individual risk factors. The presence of the implant only requires technical adjustments to the imaging exams, to ensure correct visualization of the breast tissue.
Rare tumors associated with the implant capsule
In recent years, medicine has identified a rare condition called breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL), an uncommon condition distinct from traditional breast cancer.
This lymphoma does not originate in the breast and is not considered breast cancer. It originates from the tissue that surrounds the implant, in the fibrous capsule that the body forms around the prosthesis. It is most often associated with implants with a textured surface 5–7. Despite this, the absolute risk remains very low and does not justify aggressive preventive measures in asymptomatic women. When diagnosed early, treatment is usually effective, usually with the removal of the implant and capsule.
Tracking, warning signs and ongoing monitoring
Women with implants can and should undergo routine exams such as mammography, ultrasound and, when indicated, magnetic resonance imaging. It is essential to inform the imaging service about the presence of the prosthesis so that specific techniques can be used to allow adequate assessment of the breast tissue.
It is essential to seek medical evaluation when faced with signs such as: sudden increase in volume of a breast, recent asymmetry between the breasts, persistent pain, hardness, presence of liquid around the implant or skin changes. These symptoms do not necessarily mean cancer, but they need to be investigated carefully.
The main international regulatory entities do not recommend the preventive removal of implants in women without symptoms. Management must be individualized, based on evidence, clinical history and clear dialogue between doctor and patient 6–9.
Silicone should not be seen as a villain, nor as a prohibited topic. Quality information is the best way to reduce fear and guide informed decisions. With adequate monitoring and attention to the body’s signals, it is possible to maintain oncological safety and peace of mind over the years.
Dr. Larissa Müller Gomes – CRM/SP 180158 | EQR 78497
Clinical oncologist
Membro Brazil Health
