In vitro fertilization (IVF) is one of the best known treatments when it comes to infertility. Since the birth of the first proveta baby in 1978, millions of women in the world have realized the dream of maternity, and it is estimated that more than 12 million babies were born through IVF. However, despite the popularity, the procedure still raises many doubts – especially for those who are starting to consider treatment. After all, when is the IVF really indicated? How does it work? What are the risks, costs and real chances of success?
FIV is not for everyone – and is not always the first step
FIV is often indicated after infertility diagnosis, usually after 6 to 12 months of failed attempts to get pregnant, when other alternatives, such as intrauterine insemination, were not effective or in cases of unconventional families. Among the most common causes of infertility are the obstruction of uterine tubes (tubes), genetic diseases, endometriosis, low ovarian reserve and serious semen changes. Homoaffective couples and women who want to get pregnant with their own also use the technique using gametes donation.
Before indicating the IVF, the specialist physician evaluates the clinical history and requests exams such as ultrasound, hormonal dosage (FSH, LH, Estradiol, AMH), hysterossalpingography (to evaluate the tubes), sperm and, in some cases, genetic tests. Depending on the results, less complex and more affordable approaches can be tried, such as programmed coitus or intrauterine insemination (IIU).
In vitro fertilization steps
IVF treatment involves several steps and usually starts between the 2nd and 5th day of the menstrual cycle, with an average duration of two to three weeks:
- Ovarian stimulation: A woman receives hormones to stimulate multiple follicle growth, aiming to obtain as many mature eggs as possible.
- Follicular puncture: Eggs are collected by simple procedure, with sedation, ultrasound guided.
- FERTILIZATION IN THE LABORATORY: Eggs are fertilized with partner or donor sperm, forming embryos.
- Embryonic cultivation: Embryos are observed for a few days (usually between 3 and 7) until reaching the ideal stage for transfer or freezing.
- Embryonic transfer: One or two embryos are placed in the woman’s womb in a fast and painless procedure.
- Pregnancy Test: Performed between 10 and 14 days after the transfer, by blood test.
Frequently Asked Questions
No. Success rates vary at age, cause of infertility, complaint time, BMI, ethnicity, and quality of eggs, semen and embryos. In women under 35, the average success rate is 35% to 45%. Over the age of 40, it drops to less than 25%.
- What is the ideal age to make IVF?
The sooner the better. Fertility assessment is recommended before age 35, especially if there are risk factors. After 40, the IVF is still possible with its own or donated eggs.
- Is it possible to freeze embryos or eggs?
Yes. Good quality surplus embryos can be frozen. Egg freezing is suitable for those who want to postpone maternity, preferably before the age of 37.
- How many embryos can be transferred?
The recommendation of the Federal Council of Medicine is to transfer up to two embryos, depending on the age and history of the patient, aiming at a safer and lower risk pregnancy.
Yes. A IVF cycle can cost between $ 15,000 and $ 30,000 or more, considering clinic, medicines and exams. Some public and private clinics offer programs with reduced values or installments.
Yes, as in any medical procedure. The most common risks include ovarian hyperestry syndrome (Sho), today with severe incidence less than 1% and moderate in up to 5% of cases.
In vitro fertilization is a milestone in modern medicine. With specialized follow -up, individualized assessment and emotional support, the way to maternity can be lighter, safer – and more possible.
Luiz Eduardo T. Albuquerque -CRM-SP 61351 / RQE No. 30799-RQE No. 307991
Gynecologist, specialist in assisted reproduction and medical director of the Fertivitro Human Reproduction Center
